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What Is Green Mobility? Green Mobility develops corporate programmes to cut down on commutes in cities by private motor vehicles. This not only reduces traffic congestion but also improves public transportation and the quality of life. Green mobility can be used to reduce air pollution, climate impact, and encourage an active lifestyle. Examples of green mobility are: Policy Interventions Green mobility can be achieved by a wide range of policy instruments. The first is spatial strategies that seek to limit the traffic of urban vehicles and encourage the use of sustainable transportation modes. These are often small-scale interventions (e.g., restrictions on parking spaces or speed limits or the use of bicycle lanes) and have a high flexibility, as they can be tailored to local circumstances. Another set of policies aims to alter the modal structure by promoting alternative fuels for vehicles and technologies (e.g. green power ), or by promoting sharing of vehicles and routes. These policies can also include measures that increase accessibility to public transportation services, for example through financial incentives or increased mobility options. In addition to that, the promotion of green mobility could require a change in business models and economic development and also an adjustment of transportation and land use planning. This requires political will and a large degree of coordination between sectors. Additionally it is crucial to consider that a shift from conventional mobility to green mobility will require a large and equitable shift. In cities that have the highest concentration of high-value employment sectors, such as business services, information and communications technology growing green mobility can result in an increase in access to communities of upper and middle classes while reducing the opportunities and jobs in areas with lower incomes. A third set of policy instruments aims to decrease negative externalities that are associated with transportation and promotes a sustainable energy supply, which includes renewable energy sources and carbon pricing. These policies are able to be implemented at local as well as national and EU levels. These policies can be implemented at the local level, as well as at the national and EU levels. They could also help promote the development of electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, and encourage a switch to sustainable transportation. At the local level, this can involve implementing measures aimed to encourage a culture of sustainability and developing new habits through education, awareness campaigns and a range of other initiatives. At the national and EU levels, it could involve leveraging global economic stimulus to encourage consumers to purchase EVs and expanding high-speed rail systems, and also supporting research and development in batteries and hydrogen. EV Adoption The speed at which vehicles move from traditional internal combustion (IC) to electric power is contingent on a variety of factors. One of these is the economic situation of a country and its national policy. Norway and China have been historically the countries that have embraced EV production with significant incentives for consumers. These financial incentives helped to create an energetic EV industry that resulted in lower costs. These countries also have strong energy policies that promote sustainable energy usage. They also place a high priority on the development of an extensive public charging network to help eliminate range anxieties for new electric vehicle owners. This strategy has had a positive impact on overall EV adoption, which reflects in the data of vehicles-in-use, showing that the percentage of the fleet that is EV is growing faster than the new registration pipeline or the retirement pipeline for vehicles. Despite these positive trends, EV adoption remains below expectations. The good news is that the rate of growth is likely to accelerate based on the latest and future technological advances which will bring battery prices down even more. As a result, many Considerers and Skeptics are likely to move to EV ownership much sooner than anticipated. The rapid growth in EV ownership is caused by the fact that more people are using EVs as their primary vehicle for work. As a result they have the potential to assist in the transition of fleets to a more environmentally friendly solution. This can help reduce a business' carbon footprint and contribute to the overall goal of creating a zero-carbon world for mobility. The decision of the government's policymakers to prioritize long-term investment or short-term incentive will ultimately determine the rate at which EVs are replacing conventional vehicles. Regardless of which direction the country decides to take it is important to keep in mind that, for EVs to succeed and be the most environmentally sustainable option, they need to become an increasing proportion of the fleet. All stakeholders must be involved, including the government, consumers, and the entire industry ecosystem. EV Charging Infrastructure To reap the benefits of an electrified transportation sector, owners of electric vehicles require a reliable charging network. Public EV chargers can be placed in workplaces, parking garages multi-unit homes, and other public spaces. This includes home charging stations which EV drivers are able to install themselves, as well as portable chargers that can help reduce range anxiety. This charging infrastructure facilitates electrification of the transportation system and contributes to the nation's clean energy goals. It is being constructed across suburban, rural and urban communities. The Biden Administration is partnering with local and state authorities to encourage EV adoption by making it easier for them to invest in charging infrastructure. EV charging is a simple and healthy alternative to gasoline powered vehicles and trucks. It can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as air pollution and aid in reducing climate change. In addition, it can aid in economic development and create high-paying jobs. However, despite the numerous advantages of an EV however, there are obstacles to its widespread adoption such as the cost of an EV and the availability of charging in public. Giving everyone equal access to EV charging can help overcome these barriers, while ensuring that all residents of the community are able to benefit from the environmental and health benefits of green mobility. This can be accomplished by creating a network public EV charging station locations across the community. In addition, it could be promoted through programs that provide incentives to private entities and companies to install EV chargers at their properties. This can include tax rebates, financial incentives and other financial benefits. A simplified permitting process can simplify the process for businesses and homeowners alike to set up EV chargers on their property. Developing a set best practices for the design and installation of EV charging station can also help ensure that they're efficient, effective, and easy to use. Finally, using existing technology to increase EV charging efficiency can be a means for communities to encourage the sustainability of an EV charging network. This can be achieved by integrating EV charging infrastructure with smart city technology that gathers and analyzes data to make better energy use decisions. EV Integration The integration of EVs to the grid requires consideration of multiple stakeholders and systems that are involved in urban mobility services. The integration of EVs requires new technologies to manage energy flows from EVs into and out of the grid. EVs also provide the opportunity to integrate renewable energy (RE), in the electricity supply system through vehicle-to grid (V2G), and grid-to-car (G2V) capability. EV owners can arbitrage energy costs and sign contracts at reduced prices with energy providers. EVs are also able to provide backup power during power outages, and reduce grids' need to rely on traditional energy sources. To promote the adoption of EVs, utilities may offer incentives to consumers to purchase and install EV chargers on their premises. These incentives could be in the form of vouchers, cashbacks or rebates. Utility companies can also introduce time-of-use rates to encourage EV owners to shift their load from peak demand times. These measures can help reduce the load on the grid and reduce CO2 emissions. To integrate EVs with the electricity grid, it is essential to develop charging infrastructure that will enable communication between EVs and the power system. This includes the installation of smart charging stations and EV to grid interfaces (G2V) that allow information to be transferred between electric vehicles and the charging station. These technologies can increase EV charging speed, monitor EV state of charge (SOC) and provide real-time feedback to the driver. A secure and secure EV charger network is also vital to ensure the confidence of the user in this technology. These networks are complex, and must be designed in a way that protects against cybersecurity threats like hacking, malware and phishing. These threats can affect the safety and performance both of EVs and the grid. To achieve a fully viable EV integration, all players and components involved in this process must be examined. Previous studies on EV integration have only explored technical solutions without considering the business perspective. This study uses secondary data to investigate a business model to integrate electric vehicles to create sustainable energy services for smart cities.